Bill Clinton and the FBI's Three-Month Head Start on the NIPC
An FBI unit began monitoring the nation's digital arteries months before the White House formally authorized its existence, a gap kept secret for years.
By Miriam Adler ·
Critical Infrastructure
Stanley Sigman and the 1996 Grid Failure Risk
A 1996 risk assessment documented the fragility of the American power grid against electronic intrusion, though the specific nodes and state actors were kept out of the unclassified record.
By Miriam Adler ·
Clinton commission mapped US energy and banking fragility in 1997
US banking and energy networks were mapped as targets in 1997, while current EPA talking points on how to manage those vulnerabilities remain fully redacted.
By Miriam Adler ·