For months, the Indonesian military treated militia massacres as a volume knob, adjusting the slaughter to avoid American intervention while the UN struggled to hold a referendum.
Indonesian militias gutted Dili and murdered civilians while the UN retreated, a slaughter recorded in a brief that admitted the U.S. had no cards left to play.
The slaughter of East Timorese civilians and the siege of international observers were documented in a 17-page report that remained a secret of the State Department for years.
For years, the U.S. watched as East Timor's path to independence was blocked by a diplomatic lie; a February 1999 memo shows the intelligence community feared the cost of the truth.
Twenty-four people were slaughtered at the home of an independence leader while soldiers provided refreshments to the killers, a betrayal documented in diplomatic cables.