Soviet Navy

Makeyev and the 40 Percent Range Leap

For four years, the CIA held a report on the Soviet quest to replace toxic fuels and the "catastrophic" failures of the R-29 missiles that Makeyev blamed on his own sailors

By Roy Castellano ·

RADM Sumner Shapiro and the 10-Submarine Delusion

For years, the Navy and the CIA fought a secret war over Soviet submarine priorities, a dispute kept from the public while Atlantic shipping was left vulnerable to an underestimated Red Fleet.

By Vera Kessler ·

Clair George and the Soviet Submarines With Eggs

Kept secret until 2017, a 1983 memo details a Soviet gamble to test submarine cores in icebreakers and the radiation limits imposed on the crews who manned them

By Eleanor Voss ·

Soviet Navy's 60-Day Clock in the Norwegian Sea

An August 1976 assessment kept secret for four decades exposes a global fleet that could not refuel under fire, leaving Soviet warships stranded once their initial stores ran dry.

By Roy Castellano ·