A corporate executive was summoned to the Kremlin during a nuclear quarantine to carry a message that the State Department didn't send, kept secret for days before hitting the press.
For decades, the details of a Soviet gamble that nearly triggered a global holocaust remained hidden, including how the Kremlin disregarded US spy planes until the very end.
Kept Top Secret until its release in the Foreign Relations of the United States series, this 1961 memo weighs the psychological cost to Berliners if a high-stakes summit with Nikita Khrushchev failed.
Hundreds of thousands of Cubans faced annihilation while their leader was kept in the dark about a secret deal between Washington and Moscow that traded missiles in Turkey for those in Cuba.
East Germans went two months without potatoes and faced a 2 billion mark goods deficit while Khrushchev secretly plotted to surround Berlin with a ring of Soviet tanks.
Khrushchev maneuvered to end U-2 flights over Cuba and evade arms inspections, all while the Kremlin kept its own public in the dark about American surveillance.
A pilot's wrong turn over the USSR was kept secret to avoid a second front while the White House weighed a general air response as reconnaissance planes took ground fire.